The IRS has released the annual inflation adjustments for 2025 for the income tax rate tables, plus more than 60 other tax provisions. The IRS makes these cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) each year to reflect inflation.

For 2025, the Social Security wage cap will be $176,100, and social security and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits will increase by 2.5 percent. These changes reflect cost-of-living adjustments to account for inflation.

For 2025, the Social Security wage cap will be $176,100, and social security and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits will increase by 2.5 percent. These changes reflect cost-of-living adjustments to account for inflation.

Wage Cap for Social Security Tax

The Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tax on wages is 7.65 percent each for the employee and the employer. FICA tax has two components:

• a 6.2 percent social security tax, also known as old age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI); and
• a 1.45 percent Medicare tax, also known as hospital insurance (HI).

For self-employed workers, the Self-Employment tax is 15.3 percent, consisting of:

• a 12.4 percent OASDI tax; and
• a 2.9 percent HI tax.

OASDI tax applies only up to a wage base, which includes most wages and self-employment income up to the annual wage cap.

For 2025, the wage base is $176,100. Thus, OASDI tax applies only to the taxpayer’s first $176,100 in wages or net earnings from self-employment. Taxpayers do not pay any OASDI tax on earnings that exceed $176,100.

There is no wage cap for HI tax.

Maximum Social Security Tax for 2025

For workers who earn $176,100 or more in 2025:

• an employee will pay a total of $10,918.20 in social security tax ($176,100 x 6.2 percent);
• the employer will pay the same amount; and
• a self-employed worker will pay a total of $21,836.40 in social security tax ($176,100 x 12.4 percent).

Additional Medicare Tax

Higher-income workers may have to pay an Additional Medicare tax of 0.9 percent. This tax applies to wages and self-employment income that exceed:

• $250,000 for married taxpayers who file a joint return;
• $125,000 for married taxpayers who file separate returns; and
• $200,000 for other taxpayers.

The annual wage cap does not affect the Additional Medicare tax.

Benefit Increase for 2025

Finally, a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) will increase social security and SSI benefits for 2025 by 2.5 percent. The COLA is intended to ensure that inflation does not erode the purchasing power of these benefits.

The IRS announced tax relief for certain individuals and businesses affected by terrorist attacks in the State of Israel throughout 2023 and 2024. The Treasury and IRS may provide additional relief in the future.

The IRS announced tax relief for certain individuals and businesses affected by terrorist attacks in the State of Israel throughout 2023 and 2024. The Treasury and IRS may provide additional relief in the future.

For taxpayers who were affected taxpayers for purposes of Notice 2023-71, I.R.B. 2023-44, 1191, the separate determination of terroristic action and grant of relief set forth in this notice will also postpone taxpayer acts and government acts already postponed by Notice 2023-71 if the taxpayer is eligible for relief under both notices.

Filing and Payment Deadlines Extended

Affected taxpayers will have until September 30, 2025, to file tax returns, make tax payments, and perform certain time-sensitive acts, that are due to be performed on or after September 30, 2024, and before September 30, 2025, including but not limited to:

• Filing any return of income tax, estate tax, gift tax, generation-skipping transfer tax, excise tax (other than firearms tax), harbor maintenance tax, or employment tax;
• Paying any income tax, estate tax, gift tax, generation-skipping transfer tax, excise tax (other than firearms tax), harbor maintenance tax, or employment tax, or any installment of those taxes;
• Making contributions to a qualified retirement plan;
• Filing a petition with the Tax Court;
• Filing a claim for credit or refund of any tax; and
• Bringing suit upon a claim for credit or refund of any tax.

The government is also provided until September 30, 2025, to perform certain time-sensitive acts, that are due to be performed on or after September 30, 2024, and before September 30, 2025, such as assessing any tax.

Taxpayers eligible for relief under Notice 2023-71 who are also eligible for relief under this notice have until September 30, 2025, to perform the time-sensitive acts that were postponed by Notice 2023-71. Taxpayers eligible for relief under Notice 2023-71 who are not also eligible for relief under this notice have until October 7, 2024, to perform the time-sensitive acts postponed by Notice 2023-71.

Government acts that were postponed by Notice 2023-71 until October 7, 2024, are also postponed by this notice until September 30, 2025, for taxpayers that are eligible for relief under Notice 2023-71 and this notice.

Notice 2024-72

IR-2024-252

The IRS has expanded the list of preventive care benefits permitted to be provided by a high deductible health plan (HDHP) under Code Sec. 223(c)(2)(C) without a deductible, or with a deductible below the applicable minimum deductible for the HDHP, to include oral contraception, breast cancer screening, and continuous glucose monitors for certain patients.

The IRS has expanded the list of preventive care benefits permitted to be provided by a high deductible health plan (HDHP) under Code Sec. 223(c)(2)(C) without a deductible, or with a deductible below the applicable minimum deductible for the HDHP, to include oral contraception, breast cancer screening, and continuous glucose monitors for certain patients.

Contraceptives

A health plan will not fail to qualify as an HDHP under Code Sec. 223(c)(2) merely because it provides benefits for over-the-counter (OTC) oral contraceptives, including emergency contraceptives, and male condoms before taxpayers satisfied the minimum annual deductible for an HDHP under Code Sec. 223(c)(2)(A). The HRSA-Supported Guidelines relating to contraceptives have been updated and no longer contain the "as prescribed" restriction.

Breast Cancer and Diabetes Care

The IRS has also clarified that all types of breast cancer screening for taxpayers (including those other than mammograms) who have not been diagnosed with breast cancer will be treated as preventive care under Code Sec. 223(c)(2)(C). Moreover, continuous glucose monitors for individuals diagnosed with diabetes are also treated as preventive care under Code Sec. 223(c)(2)(C).

Insulin Products Safe Harbor

The new safe harbor for absence of a deductible for certain insulin products under Code Sec. 223(c)(2)(G) will apply without regard to whether the insulin product was prescribed to treat taxpayers diagnosed with diabetes. or prescribed for the purpose of preventing the exacerbation of diabetes or the development of a secondary condition.

Effective Date

This guidance is generally effective for plan years (in the individual market, policy years) that begin on or after December 30, 2022.

Effect on Other Documents

Notice 2004-23 is clarified by noting the safe harbor for absence of a deductible for breast cancer screening.

Notice 2018-12 is superseded with respect to the guidance regarding male condoms.

Notice 2019-45 is clarified and expanded by noting the safe harbor for absence of a deductible for continuous glucose monitors and for certain insulin products pursuant to the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.

Notice 2024-75

The IRS has released the applicable terminal charge and the Standard Industry Fare Level (SIFL) mileage rate for determining the value of noncommercial flights on employer-provided aircraft in effect for the second half of 2024 for purposes of the taxation of fringe benefits. 

The IRS has released the applicable terminal charge and the Standard Industry Fare Level (SIFL) mileage rate for determining the value of noncommercial flights on employer-provided aircraft in effect for the second half of 2024 for purposes of the taxation of fringe benefits. Further, in March 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) was enacted, directing the Treasury Department to allot up to $25 billion for domestic carriers to cover payroll expenses via grants and promissory notes, known as the Payroll Support Program (PSP). Therefore, the IRS has provided the SIFL Mileage Rate. The value of a flight is determined under the base aircraft valuation formula by multiplying the SIFL cents-per-mile rates applicable for the period during which the flight was taken by the appropriate aircraft multiple provided in Reg. §1.61-21(g)(7) and then adding the applicable terminal charge.

For flights taken during the period from July 1, 2024, through December 31, 2024, the terminal charge is $54.30, and the SIFL rates are: $.2971 per mile for the first 500 miles, $.2265 per mile 501 through 1,500 miles, and $.2178 per mile over 1,500 miles.

The IRS identified drought-stricken areas where tax relief is available to taxpayers that sold or exchanged livestock because of drought. The relief extends the deadlines for taxpayers to replace the livestock and avoid reporting gain on the sales. These extensions apply until the drought-stricken area has a drought-free year.

The IRS identified drought-stricken areas where tax relief is available to taxpayers that sold or exchanged livestock because of drought. The relief extends the deadlines for taxpayers to replace the livestock and avoid reporting gain on the sales. These extensions apply until the drought-stricken area has a drought-free year.

When Sales of Livestock are Involuntary Conversions

Sales of livestock due to drought are involuntary conversions of property. Taxpayers can postpone gain on involuntary conversions if they buy qualified replacement property during the replacement period. Qualified replacement property must be similar or related in service or use to the converted property.

Usually, the replacement period ends two years after the tax year in which the involuntary conversion occurs. However, a longer replacement period applies in several situations, such as when sales occur in a drought-stricken area.

Livestock Sold Because of Weather

Taxpayers have four years to replace livestock they sold or exchanged solely because of drought, flood, or other weather condition. Three conditions apply.

First, the livestock cannot be raised for slaughter, held for sporting purposes or be poultry.

Second, the taxpayer must have held the converted livestock for:

• draft.
• dairy, or
• breeding purposes.

Third, the weather condition must make the area eligible for federal assistance.

Persistent Drought

The IRS extends the four-year replacement period when a taxpayer sells or exchanges livestock due to persistent drought. The extension continues until the taxpayer’s region experiences a drought-free year.

The first drought-free year is the first 12-month period that:

• ends on August 31 in or after the last year of the four-year replacement period, and
• does not include any weekly period of drought.

What Areas are Suffering from Drought

The National Drought Mitigation Center produces weekly Drought Monitor maps that report drought-stricken areas. Taxpayers can view these maps at

https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Maps/MapArchive.aspx

However, the IRS also provided a list of areas where the year ending on August 31, 2024, was not a drought-free year. The replacement period in these areas will continue until the area has a drought-free year.

The IRS has taken special steps to provide more than 500 employees to help with the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) disaster relief call lines and sending IRS Criminal Investigation (IRS-CI) agents into devastated areas to help with search and rescue efforts and other relief work as part of efforts to help victims of Hurricane Helene. The IRS assigned more than 500 customer service representatives from Dallas and Philadelphia to help FEMA phone operations.

The IRS has taken special steps to provide more than 500 employees to help with the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) disaster relief call lines and sending IRS Criminal Investigation (IRS-CI) agents into devastated areas to help with search and rescue efforts and other relief work as part of efforts to help victims of Hurricane Helene. The IRS assigned more than 500 customer service representatives from Dallas and Philadelphia to help FEMA phone operations.

Further, a team of 16 special agents from across the country were initially deployed last week by the IRS-CI to the Tampa area to help with search and rescue teams. During the weekend, the IRS team moved to North Carolina to assist with door-to-door search efforts. As part of this work, the IRS-CI agents are also assisting FEMA with security and protection for relief teams and their equipment.

Additionally, the IRS reminded taxpayers in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina and parts of Florida, Tennessee and Virginia that they have until May 1, 2025, to file various federal individual and business tax returns and make tax payments. The IRS is offering relief to any area designated by FEMA. Besides all of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina, this currently includes 41 counties in Florida, eight counties in Tennessee and six counties and one city in Virginia.

The IRS provided guidance addressing long-term, part-time employee eligibility rules under Code Sec. 403(b)(12)(D), which apply to certain 403(b) plans beginning in 2025. The IRS also announced a delayed applicability date for related final regulations under Code Sec. 401(k).

The IRS provided guidance addressing long-term, part-time employee eligibility rules under Code Sec. 403(b)(12)(D), which apply to certain 403(b) plans beginning in 2025. The IRS also announced a delayed applicability date for related final regulations under Code Sec. 401(k).

Application of Code Sec. 403(b)(12)

The IRS provided guidance in the form of questions and answers on the requirement that 403(b) plans allow certain long-term, part-time employee to participate. The IRS clarified that the long-term, part-time employee eligibility rules only apply to 403(b) plans that are subject to title I of ERISA. Thus, a governmental plan under ERISA §3(32) is not subject to the long-term, part-time employee eligibility rules because it is not subject to title I pursuant to ERISA §4(b). The guidance also provides that 403(b) plans can continue to exclude student employees regardless of whether the individual qualifies under long-term, part-time employee eligibility rules.

Future Guidance

The guidance for 403(b) plans applies for plan years beginning after December 31, 2024. The IRS anticipates issuing proposed regulations applicable to 403(b) plans that are generally similar to regulations applicable to 401(k) plans.

Applicability Date for 401(k) Regulations

The IRS also addressed the applicability date of rules for 401(k) plans. Final regulations related to long-term, part-time employee eligibility rules will apply no earlier than to plan years beginning on or after January 1, 2026, the IRS said.

The Internal Revenue Service is estimated a slight decrease in the estimated tax gap for tax year 2022.

According to Tax Gap Projections for Tax Year 2022 report, the IRS is projecting the net tax gap to be $606 billion in TY 2022, down from the revised projected tax gap of $617 billion for TY 2021. The decrease track with a one-percent decrease in the true tax liability during that time.

he Internal Revenue Service is estimated a slight decrease in the estimated tax gap for tax year 2022.

According to Tax Gap Projections for Tax Year 2022 report, the IRS is projecting the net tax gap to be $606 billion in TY 2022, down from the revised projected tax gap of $617 billion for TY 2021. The decrease track with a one-percent decrease in the true tax liability during that time.

The TY 2022 gross tax is projected to be $696 billion, and includes the following components:

• Underreporting (tax understated on timely filed returns) - $539 billion
• Underpayment (tax that was reported on time, but not paid on time) - $94 billion
• Nonfiling (tax not paid on time by those who did not file on time) - $63 billion

For TY 2022, the projected net tax gap broken down by tax type includes:

• Individual income tax - $447 billion
• Corporation income tax - $40 billion
• Employment taxes - $119 billion
• Estate tax and excise tax – less than $500 million in each category

The size of the tax gap "vividly illustrates the ongoing need for adequate funding for the IRS," agency Commissioner Daniel Werfel said in a statement. "We need to focus both on compliance efforts to enforce existing laws as well as improving services to help taxpayers with their tax obligations to help address the tax gap."

From TY 2021 to TY 2022, the voluntary compliance rate slightly increased from 84.9 percent to 85.0 percent and the net compliance rate rose slightly from 86.9 percent from 86.8 percent.

The agency stated in the report that the relatively static voluntary compliance rate was "largely expected since the projection methodology assumes that reporting compliance behavior has not changed since the TY 2014-2016 time frame," although the voluntary compliance rate is projected to fall from 58 percent in TY 2021 to 55 percent in TY 2022.

By Gregory Twachtman, Washington News Editor

Estimated tax is used to pay tax on income that is not subject to withholding or if not enough tax is being withheld from a person's salary, pension or other income. Income not subject to withholding can include dividends, capital gains, prizes, awards, interest, self-employment income, and alimony, among other income items. Generally, individuals who do not pay at least 90 percent of their tax through withholding must estimate their income tax liability and make equal quarterly payments of the "required annual payment" liability during the year.

Estimated tax is used to pay tax on income that is not subject to withholding or if not enough tax is being withheld from a person's salary, pension or other income. Income not subject to withholding can include dividends, capital gains, prizes, awards, interest, self-employment income, and alimony, among other income items. Generally, individuals who do not pay at least 90 percent of their tax through withholding must estimate their income tax liability and make equal quarterly payments of the "required annual payment" liability during the year.

Basic rules

The "basic" rules governing estimated tax payments are not always synonymous with "straightforward" rules. The following addresses some basic rules regarding estimated tax payments by corporations and individuals:

Corporations. For calendar-year corporations, estimated tax installments are due on April 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15. If any due date falls on a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday, the payment is due on the first following business day. To avoid a penalty, each installment must equal at least 25 percent of the lesser of:

• 100 percent of the tax shown on the corporation's current year's tax return (or of the actual tax, if no return is filed); or
• 100 percent of the tax shown on the corporation's return for the preceding tax year, provided a positive tax liability was shown and the preceding tax year consisted of 12 months.

A lower installment amount may be paid if it is shown that use of an annualized income method, or for corporations with seasonal incomes, an adjusted seasonal method, would result in a lower required installment.

Individuals. For individuals (including sole proprietors, partners, self-employeds, and/or S corporation shareholders who expect to owe tax of more than $1,000), quarterly estimated tax payments are due on April 15, June 15, September 15, and January 15. Individuals who do not pay at least 90 percent of their tax through withholding generally are required to estimate their income tax liability and make equal quarterly payments of the "required annual payment" liability during the year. The required annual payment is generally the lesser of:

• 90 percent of the tax ultimately shown on your return for the 2015 tax year, or 90 percent of the tax due for the year if no return is filed;
• 100 percent of the tax shown on your return for the preceding (2014) tax year if that year was not for a short period of less than 12 months; or
• The annualized income installment.

For higher-income taxpayers whose adjusted gross income (AGI) shown on your 2014 tax return exceeds $150,000 (or $75,000 for a married individual filing separately in 2015), the required annual payment is the lesser of 90 percent of the tax for the current year, or 110 percent of the tax shown on the return for the preceding tax year.

Adjusting estimated tax payments

If you expect an uneven income stream for 2015, your required estimated tax payments may not necessarily be the same for each remaining period, requiring adjustment. The need for, and the extent of, adjustments to your estimated tax payments should be assessed at the end of each installment payment period.

For example, a change in your or your business's income, deductions, credits, and exemptions may make it necessary to refigure estimated tax payments for the remainder of the year. Likewise for individuals, changes in your exemptions, deductions, and credits may require a change in estimated tax payments. To avoid either a penalty from the IRS or overpaying the IRS interest-free, you may want to increase or decrease the amount of your remaining estimated tax payments.

Refiguring tax payments due

There are some general steps you can take to reconfigure your estimated tax payments. To change your estimated tax payments, refigure your total estimated tax payments due. Then, figure the payment due for each remaining payment period. However, be careful: if an estimated tax payment for a previous period is less than one-fourth of your amended estimated tax, you may be subject to a penalty when you file your return.

If you would like further information about changing your estimated tax payments, please contact our office.